Uterine fibroids (myomas) are non-cancerous growths of the uterine muscle. Many cause no symptoms and only need monitoring, but fibroids can cause heavy periods, pelvic pressure, frequent urination or fertility problems. They are diagnosed with a pelvic ultrasound, and treatment ranges from medication to uterus-sparing removal by hysteroscopy or laparoscopy.
- How common
- Very common in women aged 30–50
- Cancer risk
- Fibroids are benign
- Diagnosis
- Transvaginal ultrasound, same day
- Treatment
- Monitor · medication · surgery
- Keeps the uterus
- Myomectomy
- Typical surgery stay
- 0–2 nights
What are uterine fibroids?
Fibroids — also called leiomyomas or myomas — grow from the smooth muscle of the uterus. They can be as small as a seed or larger than a grapefruit, and many women have more than one. Their growth is influenced by estrogen and progesterone, so they often shrink after menopause.
Types by location
| Type | Where it grows | Typical symptoms |
|---|---|---|
| Submucosal | Bulges into the uterine cavity | Heavy bleeding, fertility problems |
| Intramural | Within the uterine wall | Heavy periods, pressure, enlarged uterus |
| Subserosal | On the outer surface | Pressure on bladder or bowel, back pain |
| Pedunculated | On a stalk inside or outside | Sudden pain if it twists |
Symptoms to watch for
- Heavy or prolonged periods, sometimes with clots — which can lead to anemia and fatigue
- Pelvic pressure, bloating or a visibly enlarged lower abdomen
- Frequent urination or constipation
- Pain during intercourse or lower back pain
- Difficulty conceiving or repeated miscarriage
Many fibroids are found by chance during a routine check-up. If your periods have become heavier, see our guide to heavy menstrual bleeding.
How fibroids are diagnosed
- Consultation in English Your cycle, symptoms, pregnancy plans and previous reports are reviewed.
- Transvaginal or abdominal ultrasound Size, number and exact location of each fibroid are measured on the same day — see pelvic ultrasound.
- Blood tests if needed Checks for anemia and other causes of bleeding.
- Further imaging Hysteroscopy or MRI is arranged only when it changes the treatment plan.
Treatment options
| Option | Best for | Keeps the uterus? |
|---|---|---|
| Watchful waiting | Small fibroids without symptoms | Yes |
| Medication (hormonal or non-hormonal) | Controlling heavy bleeding and pain; shrinking fibroids before surgery | Yes |
| Hysteroscopic myomectomy | Submucosal fibroids inside the cavity | Yes — no incisions |
| Laparoscopic myomectomy | Intramural or subserosal fibroids, future pregnancy wanted | Yes — small keyhole incisions |
| Hysterectomy | Severe symptoms, no future pregnancy planned | No — permanent solution |
Your gynecologist will explain the benefits, risks and recovery of each option in English, so that you can choose what fits your symptoms, age and family plans.
Fibroids inside and within the uterine wall can cause heavy bleeding and pressure.
After uterus-sparing myomectomy the fibroids are removed and the uterus is preserved.
Recovery after fibroid surgery
- Hysteroscopic myomectomy Usually same-day discharge; back to desk work in 1–2 days.
- Laparoscopic myomectomy Usually 1–2 nights in hospital; most daily activities in 1–2 weeks.
- Follow-up ultrasound Checks healing and monitors for new fibroids, which can develop over time.
Cost and insurance for international patients
Costs depend on whether you need only an ultrasound and medication or a procedure, and on the surgical approach. You will receive a written estimate after your consultation. Residents with Korean National Health Insurance are covered for medically necessary treatment; travelers can request English receipts and medical certificates for insurance claims.
Why international patients choose Yoonho
Frequently asked questions
Can uterine fibroids turn into cancer?
Fibroids are benign and almost never become cancer. Rarely, a fast-growing mass needs further evaluation, which is why new or growing fibroids should be checked with ultrasound.
Do all fibroids need surgery?
No. Small fibroids that cause no symptoms are usually monitored with ultrasound every 6–12 months. Treatment is considered when symptoms affect your daily life or fertility.
Can I get pregnant with fibroids?
Many women with fibroids conceive and have healthy pregnancies. Submucosal fibroids that distort the cavity are the type most likely to affect fertility, and removing them may help.
Will fibroids come back after myomectomy?
Myomectomy removes existing fibroids, but new ones can grow later, especially in younger women. Regular follow-up ultrasounds help catch changes early.
Can I be diagnosed on my first visit?
Yes. In most cases, a consultation and transvaginal ultrasound on the same day are enough to confirm fibroids and discuss next steps in English.
OB-GYN Specialist · Ph.D. · Medical Director
Former Professor of OB-GYN, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine · Former editorial board member, AAGL · 11th President, Korean Society of Aesthetic Gynecology
Last reviewed: . This page is for general information and does not replace an in-person consultation.
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